All products before launched into market will go through the following phases.
You may observe that some of the job titles appear in 2 or more phase eg Test Engineer, Failure Analysis Engineer, Reliability Engineer. Engineers in such position may support either in development/manufacturing or both depending on company structure
Market Survey/Demand Analysis
How does a company know what type of product is needed / have demand in market? Some will conduct market survey/study to understand market needs. These task will be handled by marketing team. There are companies which hire technical marketing engineers to do the job. This group of people will more closely with clients & ensure that the requirements are met & feedback to client for any alteration/issue.
Design Phase- The engineering positions in this category are more to an office job where you will mostly work with the computers using software tools for running simulations while some engineers will have the opportunity to work on real units/model/product. E.g Mechanical Design Engineer, Electrical Design Engineer, Electrical Electronics Design Engineer, Circuit Design Engineer, Layout Engineer, PCB Design Engineer
Development Phase - Engineers in development work tend to attached to lab / production test floor where engineers need to test on real units for validation / verification. Engineers will have hands-on experience in using simulation tool as well. Engineers will need to ensure that units/product within design spec. E.gTest Development Engineer, NPI Engineer, Test Engineer, Reliability Engineer, Failure Analysis Engineer
Manufacturing Phase - When product enters production stage, this meant that the product is manufacturable. Here the engineers need to ensure production are running smoothly to ensure product quality & reliability. Besides that, process & equipments will need to be running in full mode with maximum yield rate & minimum disturbance. Engineers here liaise a lot with people to solve problems be it in process / equipment. Engineers also need to hands-on with material & equipment. E.g Process Engineer, Test Engineer, Equipment Engineer, Maintenance Engineer, Quality Engineer, Failure Analysis Engineer, Reliability Engineer
Sales & Support - Once product is launched/available in the market, there will be sales engineer to serve the client by introducing & selling the product. Company hire engineers to be in sales team as well so that they can understand better on client needs & able to sell the right solution / package to client. When problem arise, there will be application/service engineers to support client. Some go through a few levels during product troubleshooting. Engineers in the first level who liaise with clients will try to solve the issue. If the problem is too complex, it is then escalated to 2nd level & 3rd level & so on
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